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Full Form of AGC

Full Form: Automatic Gain Control
Category: Academic & Science
Sub Category: Amateur Radio

What is AGC Full Form?

AGC full form is Automatic Gain Control.

What is Automatic Gain Control?

Automatic gain control (AGC), is a closed-loop feedback regulating circuit in an amplifier or chain of amplifiers, the purpose of which is to maintain a suitable signal amplitude at its output, despite variation of the signal amplitude at the input. The average or peak output signal level is used to dynamically adjust the gain of the amplifiers, enabling the circuit to work satisfactorily with a greater range of input signal levels. It is used in most radio receivers to equalize the average volume (loudness) of different radio stations due to differences in received signal strength, as well as variations in a single station's radio signal due to fading. Without AGC the sound emitted from an AM radio receiver would vary to an extreme extent from a weak to a strong signal; the AGC effectively reduces the volume if the signal is strong and raises it when it is weaker. In a typical receiver the AGC feedback control signal is usually taken from the detector stage and applied to control the gain of the IF or RF amplifier stages.

AGC is a system that controls the increase in the amplitude of an electrical signal from the original input to the amplified output, automatically.

AGC is used in data processing to improve the visibility of seismic data in which attenuation or spherical divergence has caused amplitude decay (Figure 5.3).

You can notice that the energy is not visible in some of the record on the left of Figure 5.3. AGC applied approximately removes the loss of energy (spherical divergence) and equalized the amplitudes with improved resolution (on the right). AGC makes all events visible and appear balance in the data, but relative amplitude (AVO) information is lost.

In seismic processing, RMS AGC is used for amplitude equalization. A key parameter in RMS AGC is the gate length. The RMS is simply the square root of the average amplitude squared in the window. It gives the geophysicists a measure of the overall absolute amplitude in the window, both as positive and as negative values. Note that the “window” is the length of the seismic data that AGC is applied on.

AGC can be fast or low. A very short gate is similar to fast AGC and resulted in elimination of almost all amplitude variation.

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